DOING BUSINESS IN SLOVENIA
2016
2 ABOUT SLOVENIA
2.1 Slovenia – A snapshot
| Population | 2,064,188 |
| Area | 20,273 km |
| Capital | Ljubljana (280,300 inhabitants) |
| Major towns | Maribor (110,950); Celje (48,700); Kranj (55,450), Velenje (32,850); Koper (53,150); Novo mesto (36,400) |
| EU member state | Since the 1st of May 2004 |
| OECD member country | Since May 2010 |
| Adoption of EURO | The 1st of January 2007 |
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016
2.2 Main economic indicators
| MAIN MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS | 2014 | 2015 |
2016 forecast |
2017 forecast |
2018 forecast |
| GDP real growth rate (%) | 3.0 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| GDP in mil. EUR | 37,303 | 38,543 | 39,598 | 40,613 | 41,880 |
| GDP per capita, in EUR | 18,093 | 18,680 | 19,179 | 19,670 | 20,283 |
| Trade balance as a % of GDP | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 6.3 |
| External debt as % of GDP | 124.2 | 116.0 | - | - | - |
| Gross external debt in EUR million | 46,314 | 44,723 | 45,340 | - | - |
| Rate of unemployment by ILO in % | 9.7 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 7.5 |
| Gross wage per employee; real growth rate | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Labour productivity; (% of GDP per employee) | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Gross fixed capital formation as a % of GDP | 19.6 | 19.4 | 18.6 | 19.6 | 20.3 |
| Average exchange rate USD/EUR | 1.329 | 1.110 | 1.111 | 1.114 | 1.114 |
| Inflation | 0.2 | -0.5 | -0.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
* PPS - Purchasing Power Standard
Source: Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development, 2016
2.3 Export driven economy
In 2015, Slovenian exports of goods and services totalled € 23.9 billion, which is approximately 62 % of national GDP.
Export by country in million €, 2015
| MARKET | € MILLION |
| EU-28 | 18,394 |
| Germany | 4,948 |
| Italy | 2,691 |
| Austria | 2,024 |
| Croatia | 1,864 |
| France | 1,182 |
| Poland | 816 |
| Hungary | 695 |
| Czech Republic | 557 |
| SEE (counties of ex-Yugoslavia) | 1,679 |
| Serbia | 742 |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | 611 |
| Macedonia | 162 |
| Other countries | 3,867 |
| Russian Federation | 792 |
| USA | 692 |
| Switzerland | 401 |
| Turkey | 259 |
| TOTAL | 23,940 |
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016
Top export categories of goods, 2015
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016
3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
The Slovenian Government is keen to attract new inward investment and has introduced a number of measures to assist investors. Companies making foreign direct investments and meeting certain criteria may be eligible for financial assistance in the form of grants details of which you can find in a later section of this document.
Foreign investors are able to invest freely in most types of business undertakings. Repatriation of profit and capital is unlimited provided taxes due to the Slovenian Tax Administration have been paid. Withholding tax on dividends transferred is 15%, 0% when transferred to the EU Member States.
Investors take advantage of four qualities (4Qs) of Slovenia:
- Quality workforce. Well-educated, flexible staff with language and IT skills and innovative spirit.
- Quality link to regional markets. Excellent geostrategic position of Slovenia makes it a natural hub for companies that serve markets of EU and South-Eastern Europe where Slovenia has a traditionally good business contacts and reputation.
- Quality infrastructure. Excellent transport connections and high ICT penetration.
- Quality of life. A quality business environment and a quality lifestyle add to individual companies results.
3.1 Major investors
Foreign direct investment by investing countries (€ 11.6 billion end-year 2015)
Source: Bank of Slovenia, 2016
Major foreign investors in Slovenia
- Manufacturing: Brigl & Bergmeister, BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte, Carthago, Danfoss, EGO, Geberit, GKN Driveline, Goodyear Dunlop Tires Europe, Grammer Automotive, Gruppo Bonazzi, Hella, Henkel, Johnson Controls, Lafarge Perlmooser, Mayr Melnhof, Palfinger, Pfleiderer, Poclain Hydraulic, Renault, Safilo Group, Sandoz (Novartis Pharma), Securidev, Siemens, Sogefi, Styria, Sumida, Titus International, Vogtronics, Yaskava …
- Financial services: UniCredit Bank, Hypo-Alpe-Adria-Bank, KBC, Reiffeisen Bank, SanPaolo IMI, Societe Generale …
- Retail: Aldi Süd, E.Leclerc, Eurospin Italia, Lidl Internacional, MOL, ÖMV, Rutar, Spar ...
- Other services: AC Nielsen, Aviat Networks, Debitel, Deloitte&Touche, DHL, Ernst&Young, Gfk, KPMG, IBM, ISS Servisystem, McDonald’s, Microsoft, Mobilkom, Oracle, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, SAP, Schenker, Sodexho Alliance, S&T ...
4 TAXATION
4.1 Selected tax rates
Overview of selected tax rates
| Corporate income tax |
17%
Tax relief: - Up to 100% of the amount invested in R&D - Up to 40% of the amount invested in equipment and intangible long-term assets - Tax relief on employment of certain group of workers |
| Profit repatriation tax |
15% on dividends paid abroad, unless otherwise provided in a bilateral agreement 0% for EU residents |
| Personal income tax | Progressive tax rates: 16%, 27%, 41%, and 50% |
| Income tax on interest, dividends and capital gains |
20% interests 20% dividends 0 – 25% capital gains (depending on a holding period) |
| Property tax | 0% |
| Immovable Property Transfer Tax | 2% |
| VAT (Value added tax) |
22% - standard rate 9.5% - reduced rate (including food, excluding beverages) |
| Social security contributions |
Employer: 16.1 % Employee: 22.1 % |
| No. of bilateral agreements on avoidance of double taxation | 57 |
Source: Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016
5 ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES, COMPANY REGISTRATION
When establishing a company in Slovenia, it takes up to 8 days to get through all the steps.
From February 2008 the registration of a limited liability company is made simpler.
Registration of a single-member limited liability company may be done on-line through the state portal for business called e-VEM (http://evem.gov.si). The founder has to obtain digital certificate, provided by one of the certification authorities in Slovenia and Slovenian tax number at Tax Administration in order to use e-VEM.
Simple limited liability company with two or more founders may be registered at any of 200 VEM access points (one-shop agencies) in Slovenia. Certain conditions have to be met (prescribed form of Act on Establishment has to be used and capital has to be wholly paid in cash); in other cases, registration has to be done through notary public. Slovenian tax number has to be obtained at Tax Administration prior the registration.
By registering through e-VEM or VEM founders automatically register in the Court Register and in the Business Register at AJPES (The Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Public Legal Records and Related Services), and forward information to the Tax Administration, and apply for compulsory health insurance at the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia.
The Companies Act recognizes the following types of undertaking:
Partnerships (organized according to general provisions of continental law):
- Limited partnership
- General partnership
Corporate forms:
Persons who wish to establish a commercial enterprise in Slovenia can choose from the following types of business undertakings:
- delniška družba (d.d.) – a public limited company/a joint-stock company
- družba z omejeno odgovornostjo (d.o.o.) – a company with limited liability/a private limited company
- samostojni podjetnik posameznik (s.p.) – a sole proprietorship/a sole proprietor/a sole trader
- družba z neomejeno odgovornostjo (d.n.o.) – a general partnership
- komanditna družba (k.d.) – limited partnership
- komanditna delniška družba (k.d.d.) – a limited partnership/a partnership limited by shares (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien, the German model)
- podružnica – branch office (legally organized unit of foreign legal entity; the parent company is responsible for all liabilities arising from the operations of its branch)
The most common forms are limited liability company (d.o.o.) and joint stock company (d.d.). Establishing a limited liability company or a branch office is the most common practice of foreign companies establishing their business in Slovenia.
Limited liability company (LLC or d.o.o.)
An LLC is a legal entity with one founder (single-member LLC) or multiple founders who are not liable for the obligations of their undertaking. Share capital must be paid in; the minimum amount is EUR 7,500.
A limited company (družba z omejeno odgovornostjo) is the most common way of doing business in Slovenia. Limited companes are owned by shareholders (individuals or other legal entities) and run by directors. They must be recorded by a notary or by a Public one stop shop (E-VEM točka), and registered at the Trade Register. To set up a limited company you need the following requirements:
- Have a name and address for the company
- To avoid mailboxes, the Public register of companies (AJPES) needs a formal lease
- Have at least 1 director (an individual)
- Have at least 1 shareholder
- Have articles of association (agreed rules about running the company) and activities to be carried out
- Register your company to the Tax Administration for the Tax number and Corporate tax and for VAT (if applicable)
Public limited company (d.d.)
A public limited company may be founded by one or several local or foreign natural or legal entities who adopt articles of association which are prepared in the form of a notarial record. The minimum share capital is EUR 25,000.
Sole Traders
The easiest way to start a business in Slovenia is to become a ‘sole trader’ (samostojni podjetnik posameznik). This means that only you own the business and you can work alone or employ other people.
6 INCENTIVES
6.1 General tax incentives
The Corporate Income Tax Act is the legal basis for a wide range of reliefs, of which the deduction schemes most interesting to investors are listed below:
Tax relief for investment in research and development (R & D)
| Nature of relief | Reduction of the tax base. |
| Amount of relief | 100% of the amount invested in R&D. |
| Qualifying expenditures | Labour cost in R&D, purchase of equipment for R&D, purchase of R&D services. |
| Duration | Unused allowance/benefit can be carried forward to subsequent five tax periods. |
Tax relief for investment
| Nature of relief | Reduction of the tax base. |
| Amount of relief | 40% of the amount invested in machinery and equipment and intangible assets. |
| Qualifying expenditures | Machinery and equipment, and intangible assets (excluding furniture and office equipment; computer equipment and motor vehicles are qualifying expenditures). Payments made under finance lease contracts are qualifying costs. |
| Duration | Unused allowance/benefit can be carried forward to subsequent five tax periods. |
Tax relief for employment
| Nature of relief | Reduction of the tax base. |
| Amount of relief | 45% of the salary paid to the employed person over a 24-month period. |
| Qualifying expenditures | Gross salary paid to the employee. |
| Qualifying criteria | Hiring on the basis of an employment contract of indefinite duration with persons under 26 years of age or with mature age job seekers aged 55 and over registered as unemployed at the Employment Service of Slovenia at least 6 months before signing the contract. As employer claims the relief, the total number of employees in the company must not be reduced. |
| Duration | Unused allowance/benefit can be carried forward to subsequent five tax periods. |
6.2 General refundable social security contributions paid by the employers
Refundable social security contributions paid by the employer
| Amount | 50% of contributions paid by the employer (16.1% on an employee’s gross wage/salary) for the first year in employment and 30% for the second year in employment. The tax relief is paid in arrears after 2 years in employment. The refunded amount is calculated by taking into account the age of the new recruit when hired. |
| Basis for relief claim | Hiring persons under 26 years of age or mothers with a child under 3 years of age for indefinite duration |
| Conditions for employer | The employment contract must be concluded for indefinite duration. |
Refundable social security contributions paid by the employer
| Amount | 16.1% on gross wage/salary of en employee over a 2-year period. |
| Basis for relief claim | Hiring a mature age worker 55 years of age or older who was registered as an unemployed person at the Employment Service of Slovenia at least 6 months. |
| Conditions for employer | A fixed-term employment contract concluded during the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 also qualifies. |
6.3 Training of employees
Implementation of training courses within the on-the-job training/upskilling
| Type: | Public invitation for applications/tenders |
| The amount of subsidy |
Refundable expenditure for attending a training course or for expense for preventive medical examination of a job candidate. Refundable training expenses: - 370.00 euros for two-month training/upskilling per course participant (for simple and lower-skilled jobs) and - 493.00 euros for three-month training/upskilling per course participant (for higher-skilled jobs). |
| Conditions: | Persons eligible for training/upskilling have been registered as unemployed at the Employment Service of Slovenia for at least 3 months. |
| Qualifying criteria: | The maximum number of course participants to be determined in relation to the number of job vacancies (new recruits). |
| Duration of measure: | Until the allocated grants are available and latest until 31 May 2017 |
6.4 Regional development support programs for disadvantaged regions
What started as a financial crisis has turned into a manufacturing recession in some parts of the country and even as banks and the housing market are stabilizing, unemployment figures show how hard the manufacturing centers have been hit.
As company restructuring continues, the government has assigned a special status to four administrative regions where unemployment has hit hardest, so that they may benefit from the temporary development support measures. The idea is to equip viable enterprises with the necessary skills to get a foothold in international markets. Exports have been a leader out of the economic crises also in the past and by participating in global value chains, enterprises from these parts of the country will be able to build on their resources and knowledge and experience of their people.
Tax relief for investment in disadvantage regions
| Nature of relief | Reduction of the tax base. |
| Amount of relief | 70% invested amount for new start-up investments in plant and equipment, and in intangible assets. |
| Qualifying expenditures | Machinery and equipment, and intangible assets (excluding furniture and office equipment; computer equipment and motor vehicles are qualifying expenditures). Payments made under finance lease contracts are qualifying costs. |
| Duration | Depending on the duration period of the measure for the particular region. |
Tax relief for employment in the areas with high unemployment rates
| Nature of relief | Reduction of the tax base. |
| Amount of relief | 70% of expense for a disadvantaged employee |
| Qualifying expenditures | Gross salary paid to the employee on the basis of an employment contract for at least 12 months employment. |
| Basis for relief claim |
Hiring a disadvantage person (unemployed person: - without regularly paid job over the past 6 months, or - a person 50 years of age or older, or - a person that has not finished an upper secondary education or vocational training, or - a person that is a member of ethnic minorities, or - a person that is considered as a disabled in the quota system of employing disabled workers). |
| Conditions for employer | The head office of the company claiming the relief must be in the area with high unemployment; there must be a net increase in the number of employees working for the employer. |
| Duration of measure | The employer may claim the relief for employment contracts concluded until 31 December 2017 or 31 December 2018 (on the duration period of the measure for the particular region, see the map above). Fixed-term employment contracts also qualify. |
Refundable social security contributions paid by the employer in the areas with high unemployment rates
| Amount | 16.1% on an employee’s gross wage/salary. Claims for tax relief will be paid after 12 months in employment. |
| Basis for refund claim |
Hiring a disadvantage person (unemployed person: - without regularly paid job over the past 6 months, or - a person 50 years of age or older, or - a person that has not finished an upper secondary education or vocational training, or - a person that is a member of ethnic minorities, or - a person that is considered as a disabled in the quota system of employing disabled workers). |
| Conditions for employer | The head office of the company claiming the relief must be in the area with high unemployment; there must be a net increase in the number of employees working for the employer. |
| Duration of measure | The employer may claim the relief for employment contracts concluded between 22 June 2013 and 31 December 2018. Fixed-term employment contracts also qualify. |
6.5 Financial incentives
Regional aid map 2015-2020
The amount of financial incentives:
- In the area “a” of regional aid map is not more than:
- 25 % of the eligible costs for large enterprises,
- 35 % of the eligible costs for medium-sized enterprises, and
- 45 % of the eligible costs for small-sized enterprises.
- In the area “c” of regional aid map the amount of financial incentives is not more than:
- 15 % of the eligible costs until 31 December 2017 and 10 % from 1 January 2018 onward for large enterprises,
- 25 % of the eligible costs until 31 December 2017 and 20 % from 1 January 2018 onward for medium-sized enterprises,
- 35 % of the eligible costs until 31 December 2017 and 30 % from 1 January 2018 onward, for small-sized enterprises.
PUBLIC TENDER FOR APPLICATIONS UNDER THE FDI COST-SHARING GRANT SCHEME
Types of investment projects
| ACTIVITY | VALUE OF INVESTMENT | NUMBER OF NEW JOBS CREATED IN 3 YEARS’ TIME |
| Manufacturing projects | € 1 million | 25 |
| Internationally traded services | € 0.5 million | 10 |
| R & D | € 0.5 million | 5 |
Beneficiaries/recipients: the foreign owned companies duly entered in the company register of the Republic of Slovenia
The beneficiary/recipient of the co-financing must provide funding in the amount of at least 25 per cent of eligible costs of investments in property, plant and equipment and/or in intangible assets.
Eligible costs/expenses: costs of property, plant and equipment, costs of intangibles assets. Value-added tax (VAT) shall not be deemed eligible for co-financing.
Co-financing will be approved on the basis of the filed application; the application for co-financing must be filed prior to the commencement of the investment project; the procedure for the examination of the application and the approval of co-financings takes up to 60 days.
These investment projects and new jobs shall remain located in the Republic of Slovenia for no less than 5 years for large-sized companies and no less than 3 years for small- and medium-sized companies.
Maximum size of the project: EUR 50 mn
Special procedure
Within the framework of the government effort to make Slovenia more attractive for foreign direct investment, the act governing the promotion of foreign direct investment and internationalisation of enterprises (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 107/06 – official consolidated text, 11/11, 57/12 and 17/15) envisages in addition to a range of incentives granted under the standard procedure, also incentives approved under the so-called special procedure. The ministry may grant an incentive to the investor if a special commission has concluded that the effects of the investment include:
- a major contribution to the development of the Slovenian economy, and
- a noteworthy number of newly created jobs (creation at least 10 new jobs in the research and development activity, 20 jobs in internationally traded services, or 50 jobs in the manufacturing sector), or
- a capital inflow of 12 million euros or more.
7 WORKFORCE
7.1 Working hours
Full-time working hours may not exceed 40 hours a week. The law or collective bargaining agreement may determine less than 40 hours a week as full-time working hours, but not less than 36 hours. Less than 36 hours per week may exceptionally be allowed for jobs that involve increased risk of injury or damage to health.
An employee is obliged to work in excess of full-time working hours if so requested by the employer in the event of an exceptional increase in the volume of work, if continuation of the work or production process is required in order to prevent material damage or danger to human life and health, if it is necessary to prevent damage to work resources that could cause a disruption of work, if it is required in order to ensure the safety of people and property and traffic safety, and in other exceptional, urgent and unforeseen cases determined by law or by the collective agreement that applies to the activity in question. Overtime work may last a maximum of 8 hours a week, 20 hours a month and 180 a year (in a period that may not exceed six months).
The working day may last a maximum of 10 hours. An employee is entitled to annual leave of not less than 4 weeks in an individual calendar year.
7.2 Availability
Unemployment by regions
| Statistical region |
Rate of registered unemployment (%) Average January-April 2016 |
Number of registered unemployment (June 2016) |
| SLOVENIA | 12.2 | 99,795 |
| Eastern Slovenia | 59,294 | |
| Jugovzhodna Slovenija (Novo Mesto) | 12.8 | 7,543 |
| Koroška (Slovenj Gradec) | 11.6 | 3,096 |
| Podravska (Maribor) | 13.6 | 16,507 |
| Pomurska (Murska Sobota) | 19.3 | 7,846 |
| Posavska (Krško) | 13.9 | 4,222 |
| Primorsko-notranjska (Postojna) | 11.0 | 2,313 |
| Savinjska (Celje) | 13.5 | 14,213 |
| Zasavska (Trbovlje) | 14.8 | 3,554 |
| Western Slovenia | 40,038 | |
| Gorenjska (Kranj) | 8.6 | 6,546 |
| Goriška (Nova Gorica) | 9.7 | 4,252 |
| Obalno – kraška (Koper) | 11.4 | 4,774 |
| Osrednjeslovenska (Ljubljana) | 10.8 | 24,466 |
20.6% of registered unemployed* are in the age up to 30, 23.2% over 55 years old.
* The data on registered unemployed persons are mediated by the Employment Service of Slovenia.
Source: Slovenian Employment Service, July 2016
The composition of active labour force in Slovenia shows that 16% have a university degree and 62% have finished secondary school. Workers have a high work ethics, a consensual approach to work and good industrial relations that are regarded as the key factors of stability.
After elementary and secondary education, school-leavers may enrol in one of the four universities or one of numerous institutions offering higher education. The University of Ljubljana, University of Maribor, University of Primorska, University of Nova Gorica with 56 faculties and academies and 12 other higher-level education institutions have over 90,000 students (study year 2014/2015). In 2013, 18,774 graduates received degrees, over 60% of them are women and 2,954 students post-graduated. Foreign languages, especially English and German as well as Serbian/Croatian are widely spoken.
Level of education of unemployed people, average Jan-Jun 2016
Source: Slovenian Employment Service, 2016
7.3 Skills
Language skills, 2016
(Survey, meeting the needs of enterprises, scale 1-10)
Source: IMD - World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2016
7.4 Labour costs
Estimated gross annual labour costs per employee in selected industries
| INDUSTRIES | Unskilled worker (€) | Skilled worker (€) | Highly skilled worker (€) | Engineers and professionals (€) |
| Automotive industry | 14,100 | 15,700 | 21,400 |
27,400 (project manager) |
| Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Industry | 14,200 | 17,100 | 25,500 |
32,200 (quality manager) |
| Electronics & Electrical Industry | 14,100 | 16,700 | 20,000 |
23,100 (electrical engineer) |
| ICT Industry |
17,000 (Operator in call center) |
19,700 (technical consultant) |
25,200 Computer engineer) |
34,800 (manager on a higher level) |
| Logistics & Distribution | 14,100 | 15,200 | 22,000 |
34,500 (project manager) |
| Machining & Metalworking Industry | 14,100 | 16,900 | 20,200 |
23,500 (mechanical engineer) |
| Wood-processing Industry | 14,100 | 15,100 | 17,100 |
24,400 (project manager) |
Source: SPIRIT Slovenia, 2016
Structure of Labour Cost
| 1. | STARTING LEVEL GROSS WAGE(according to General Collective Agreement) |
| 2. | + Supplements on active employment (0.5% of (1) for every year of employment) |
| 3. | - Employee’s social security contributions (22.1% on items (1)+(2)) |
| 4. | - Personal income tax (on items (1)+(2)+(6)-(3)) |
| 5. | STARTING LEVEL NET WAGE (1)+(2)-(3)+(4) |
| 6. | + Annual holiday bonus (set by law from 790.73 up to 70% of the average gross wage) |
| 7. | + Meal expenses reimbursement (minimum set by law € 3.62 up to 6.12 per day) |
| 8. |
+ Reimbursement of travelling expenses to and from work (depends on the price of public transport – minimum 70% of the cost; otherwise 0.18 €/km) |
| 9. | TOTAL MONTHLY EARNINGS (5)+(6)+(7)+(8) |
| 10. | EMPLOYER’S SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS (16.1% on items (1)+(2)) |
| 11. | MONTHLY LABOUR COST(1) +(2) +(6) +(7) + (8) + (10) |
Source: Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for macroeconomic analysis and development, 2016
8 REAL ESTATE
8.1 Costs of real estate
Most land in Slovenia is privately owned and can freely be sold and purchased.
Real estate costs in EUR per m2
| Leasehold (monthly) | Freehold | |||
| Ljubljana | Maribor | Ljubljana | Maribor | |
| Residential apartments | 7-15 | 4-10 | 1,000-4,000 | 700-1,500 |
| Offices | 10-16 | 3-10 | 650-2,500 | 300-1,500 |
| Production facilities | 3-6 | 1-5 | 300-700 | 150-300 |
| Warehouse facilities | 3-6 | 1-4 | 250-600 | 100-250 |
Source: SPIRIT Slovenia, 2016
9 UTILITIES
9.1 Electricity
Big Industrial Users
The electricity market was opened in 2001 when the internal market was opened for authorized consumers (i.e. those using in excess of 41 kW in a single outlet – there are approximately 8,000 such consumers in Slovenia) and all electricity distributors. Big industrial users are now able to negotiate the price of electricity with several distributors. Different rates of the electricity network fee are applied, depending on the voltage level, season (high-middle-low) and overall consumption of power.
Electricity prices for industry in the 2nd quarter of 2015 (EUR/kWh)
| Annual Consumption of Standard Consumer | Energy | Network | Exclusive of taxes | Additions and contributions | Exclusive of VAT | All taxes included |
| IA (<20 MWh) | 0.0522 | 0.0594 | 0.1116 | 0.0321 | 0.1436 | 0.1752 |
| IB (20 to <500 MWh) | 0.0521 | 0.0374 | 0.0895 | 0.0169 | 0.1065 | 0.1299 |
| IC (500 to <2,000 MWh) | 0.0501 | 0.0211 | 0.0711 | 0.0158 | 0.087 | 0.1061 |
| ID (2,000 to <20,000 MWh) | 0.0482 | 0.0148 | 0.0631 | 0.0122 | 0.0753 | 0.0919 |
| IE (20,000 to <70,000 MWh) | 0.0473 | 0.0095 | 0.0568 | 0.0094 | 0.0662 | 0.0808 |
| IF (70,000 to <=150,000 MWh) | 0.0471 | 0.009 | 0.0562 | 0.0062 | 0.0624 | 0.0761 |
| Slovenia | - | - | 0.0673 | - | 0.0795 | 0.0969 |
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016
9.2. Natural gas
Natural gas prices for industry in the 2nd quarter of 2015 (EUR/GJ and EUR/Sm3)
| Annual Consumption of Standard Consumer | EUR / GJ | EUR/Sm3 | ||||
| Exclusive of taxes | Exclusive of VAT | All taxes included | Exclusive of taxes | Exclusive of VAT | All taxes included | |
| I1 (to 1,000 GJ) | 12.5264 | 13.9803 | 17.0559 | 0.4739 | 0.5289 | 0.6452 |
| I2 (1,000 to <10,000 GJ) | 12.5838 | 14.2753 | 17.4159 | 0.476 | 0.54 | 0.6588 |
| I3 (10,000 to <100,000 GJ) | 9.0674 | 10.5726 | 12.8986 | 0.343 | 0.3999 | 0.4879 |
| I4 (100,000 to 1,000,000 GJ) | 7.6102 | 8.3288 | 10.1612 | 0.2879 | 0.3151 | 0.3844 |
| Slovenia | 8.3789 | 9.3315 | 11.3845 | 0.317 | 0.353 | 0.4307 |
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016
10 TRAVEL INFORMATION
The development of transport and other infrastructure has been going hand in hand with the changes in economic and travel patterns. Traffic jams are rare but plan your trips to avoid the most popular routes in high tourist season and don’t forget that many people are on the move around Easter and Christmas.
10.1 By air
Three international airports provide easy access by plane to every corner of Slovenia. The Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport, 25 km from the capital Ljubljana, is the main Slovenian airport for passengers and cargo. Regular and charter flights carry passengers to all important European destinations. The national carrier Adria Airways, member of the Lufthansa group Star Alliance, boasts a modern fleet of aircraft for passenger and cargo service.
Detailed information about scheduled flights from/to Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport are available at http://www.lju-airport.si/.
There is a taxi service from the airport and one-way fare to Ljubljana city should not exceed EUR 50. If you provide your flight details, most of the hotels in Ljubljana will organise you the shuttle service from/to the airport (one-way fare is around EUR 30 per person). Transport services from nearby airports and cities to Slovenia are offered by various low-cost carriers (GoOpti,VamoTamo, naLetališče, Point2Pointetc.)
There are flights from Maribor (charter planes in high season) and Portorož (private planes and sight-seeing tours). Several air strips are available for light aircraft and gliders.
10.2 By Road
It is easy to reach Slovenia from anywhere in Europe by car or lorry within a day or two. Currently, there are nearly 700 km of well-maintained motorways and over 1,000 km of trunk roads.
Motorway tolls for passenger vehicles is paid withvignettes (toll stickers). Yearly vignette for vehicles with the permissible maximum weight of 3.5 ton is EUR 110 (price for monthly vignette is EUR 30 and for weekly vignette EUR 15). Vignettes are sold at petrol stations in Slovenia and neighbouring countries and at branches of the national and foreign automobile clubs, at post offices in Slovenia and at some magazine stands.
How far are major cities from Slovenia's capital?
| Destination | km* | Time |
| Zagreb | 140 | 1:45 |
| Venice | 240 | 2:30 |
| Vienna | 385 | 3:45 |
| Munich | 400 | 4:30 |
| Budapest | 460 | 4:15 |
| Brno | 500 | 5:00 |
| Milan | 500 | 5:00 |
| Belgrade | 530 | 5:00 |
| Sarajevo | 540 | 6:00 |
*Distances and approximate journey time by road from Ljubljana
10.3 By Rail
Slovenia has a well developed railway network along majorPan-European transport corridors (X Pan-European corridor, Mediterranean and Baltic-Adriatic Ten-T corridor). Direct express trains from neighbouring countries and many other parts of Europe offer an easy way to get to Slovenia. Slovenia is a part of the Eurail Global Pass system.
Train travel in Slovenia is inexpensive. The national rail operator is Slovenske železnice (Slovenian Railways). The company runs both passenger and freight services.
10.4 By Sea
Ferry lines connect Slovenia with coastal towns of Adriatic and Mediterranean countries, while large cruise ships take holiday-makers on trips in summer months. When arriving in Slovenia by sea, travellers enter the country via port of Koper, the largest port and town on Slovenia's Adriatic coast. Other ports of entry are Piran andIzola (in the summer season).
In terms of freight traffic Port of Koper (Luka Koper) is a fast-growing cargo port at the Adriatic Sea. It provides 7 to 10 days shorter route for shipments arriving from Asia than Europe’s northern ports.
11 USEFUL ADDRESSES
Ministry of Economic Development and Technology
Kotnikova 5, 1000 Ljubljana
T: +386 1 400 33 11
F: +386 1 433 10 31
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.mg.gov.si
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia
Dimičeva 13, 1504 Ljubljana
T: +386 1 5898 000
F: +386 1 5898 100
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.gzs.si
Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs
Kotnikova 5, 1000 Ljubljana
T: +386 1 478 33 60
F: +386 1 478 33 44
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.mddsz.gov.si
Employment service of Slovenia
Rožna dolina, cesta IX / 6, p.p. 2962, 1001 Ljubljana
T: + 386 1 47 90 900
F: + 386 1 47 90 262
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.ess.gov.si
Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning
Dunajska cesta 48, 1000 Ljubljana
T: +386 1 478 7400
F: +386 1 478 7422
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.mop.gov.si/
Slovenian Environment Agency
Vojkova 1b, 1000 Ljubljana
T: +386 1 4784 000
F: +386 1 4784 052
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Ministry of the Republic of Slovenia for Foreign Affairs
Consular Department
Prešernova 25, 1000 Ljubljana
T: +386 1 478 20 00
F: +386 1 478 23 40
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.mzz.gov.si/
SPIRIT SLOVENIA - Public Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Entrepreneurship, Internationalisation, Foreign Investment and Technology
Verovškova 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
T: +386 1 5891 870
F: +386 1 5891 877
E: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
URL: www.InvestSlovenia.si
